Fuel-oil burner



Feb. 20, opp 1,948,394

FUEL 0 IL BURNER Filed March 3, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR L, 60/1411( 14 73/fi s A ITORNEY Feb. 20, 1934. L. A. POPP 1,948,394

FUEL OIL BURNER Filed March 3, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR Zflnzrd %/3- A TORNE Y be understood by central lid partly 60 grooves 6 and 8 Patented Feb. 20, 1934 FUEL-OIL BURNER Leonard A. Popp, Saugus, Mass, assignor to Lynn Products 00., Lynn, Mass,

Massachusetts a corporation of Application March 3, 1930. Serial No. 432,616

18 Claims.

' 0 produce a balanced fire throughout the heat producing areas and thus increase the capacity of the burner.

To the accomplishment of this object and such others as may hereinafter appear, as will readily those skilled in the art, my invention comprises a fuel-oil burner having the features and combinations of parts hereinafter described and then particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

An understanding of the nature and scope of my invention will be obtained from a description of the preferred embodiment thereof illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a plan view of a twin burner of 25 my invention designed for use in the fire box of a domestic range, the burner at the left having the lids and the heat conducting plate over the vaporizing chamber removed, and the one at the right showing these parts in place with the broken away;

Fig. 2 is a central, vertical sectional view on the line 2-2 through the burner at the right of Fig. 1; and Fig. 3 is a detail, in plan, showing how the heat conducting plate is held in position on the vaporizing chamber.

In the embodiment of my invention illustrated in the drawings the general design of the burner is similar to the burner disclosed in the Lawrence ,0 E. Johnson and Ernest C. Leach United States Patent No. 1,764,794 dated June 17, 1930 and my invention relates to improvements in the vapor generation and distribution. A description of one of the twin burners will suffice for both, understanding that they are connected by side webs 1 and a central web 2 which latter receives a standard for supporting them in the fire box.

The burner base comprises a circular casting 4 providing two concentric outer and inner vapor and a central vaporizing chamber, in the form of a walled cup 10 arranged below the level at which combustion takes place,

the wall of the cup being connected to the grooves by horizontal tubular radial ribs 12 constituting conduits for distributing vapor to the grooves 6 and 8. Oil is fed to the bottom of the cup 10 through a supply pipe 14. Combustion chambers above the two grooves are formed by two pairs of perforated cylindrical sleeves 16 seated on inner and outer shoulders so that the four sleeves are nested one within the other and surround the vaporizing chamber 10. The inner sleeve 16 supports a circular, removable cover 20 which forms a closed central heating chamber above the vaporizing chamber and this cover acts to reflect 55 heat downward upon a plate 22 seated loosely on the rim of cup 10 and centralized thereon by wings 24 engaging the inner perforated sleeve 16. The cup 10 is thus made readily accessible for cleaning of residue when necessary. The two central perforated sleeves 16 support a second removable cover 26 in the form of an annulus, having radial lugs 28 which engage the outer perforated sleeve 16 and hold it in spaced relation to its companion sleeve forming the outer combustion chamber. No fastenings are used to bind any of these parts.

In the Johnson and Leach oil-burner, referred to, the grooves 6 and 8 are both supplied directly through all four of the illustrated vapor conduits. 30 I have discovered that because the vapor is heavier than air it had a tendency, in that burner, to travel directly to the outer groove 6 causing the gases to be too heavy in that groove in proportion to the amount of air taken in and, due 5 to the draft through the range, producing a heavier fire on the oven side of the burner. It is highly important that the fire throughout the combustion chambers be balanced, thus gaining a satisfactory and efficient operation because then more vapor can be burned and the capacity of the burner thus increased.

According to my invention the path of the vapor to the entrant ports in the wall of the outer groove 6 is baffled at certain points thus forcing a proper proportion of the vapor through the ports to the inner groove 8. Generally speaking one-half of the conduits are closed off from the outer groove. A highly eflicient operation of the illustrated burner is obtained by forming solid ribs 30 between the two grooves at the outer ends of two of the four conduits 12, permitting the vapor to be drawn directly to the outer groove 6 only through the other two ribs 32 which are made tubular to conduct the vapor. This leaves the outer groove with but two diametral vapor entrant ports while the inner groove retains all four quadrantal vapor entrant ports. I have found that under working conditions the best performance is attained by baffling the conduits that are not in the direct line of the draft through the range, as shown by Fig. 1, it being understood that the oven, over which the draft passes, is adjacent the longitudinal side of the burner. The vapor passing from the vaporizing chamber 10 into the longitudinal conduits 12 is delivered solely to the inner groove 8 because the solid wall of the inner groove opposite the vapor passage baifies the vapor and causes it to spread and travel through said inner groove, giving it an opportunity to heat and rise into the combustion space between the perforated sleeves mixing with the air and burning with a clean blue flame. Any unconsumed vapor traversing the inner groove will pass to the outer groove through the lateral tubular ribs 32. The vapor is heavier than air when it leaves the vaporizing chamber and that which passes into the lateral conduits 12 will flow through the passages 32 directly to the outer groove 6 where it is baiiied by the opposite wall, fills the groove, is gasified and consumed. In the old burner not enough vapor turned from the conduits 12 and passed into the inner groove to cause capacity combustion in the inner groove. Now certain of the vapor passages deliver vapor initially to the inner groove only, insuring a full supply of combustible gas to that groove but permitting any oversupply to pass to the larger outer groove. This bafiiing of the gases, overcoming the fault of too great a supply to the outer groove, equalizes the spread of the gases around the burner in both directions and produces a balanced fire throughout both combustion chambers.

I have shown asbestos wicks for priming or initially heating the burner until sufiicient vaporization is induced in the cup 10. Two wicks 34 may be used in the outer groove 6, lying between the vapor conduits 32, because of the baiiies 80, but four wicks are required for the inner groove 8 so as not to block free passage of the vapor through any conduit 12. These wicks are stiffened by a wire reinforcement so as to stand in the center of the groove leaving space for the vapor to travel past them when the burner comes into automatic operation.

The preferred shape of my combustion and vaporizing chambers is circular, as exemplified by the drawings, but it is within the scope of my invention to employ other than a circular shape for one or all of said chambers, provided, however, that one of the combustion chambers is arranged within the other to present inner and outer grooves to which vapor is to be delivered from the associated vaporizing chamber.

While the particulars set forth are well suited to one form of the invention, it is not to be understood that these particulars are essential since they may be variously modified within the skill of the artisan to suit conditions of draft, the duty required of the burner and other operating conditions, without departing from the true scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.

What is claimed as new, is:-

1. In an oil burner having inner and outer combustion chambers and a central vaporizing chamber, a plurality of conduits for delivering vapor to the combustion chambers from the vaporizing chamber, certain of said conduits delivering to both combustion chambers and others kdelivering to only one of the combustion chamers.

2. In an oil burner having inner and outer combustion chambers and a central vaporizing chamber, a plurality of conduits communicating With said vaporizing chamber for delivering va- For to the inner combustion chamber and certain of said conduits being extended to communicate With the outer combustion chamber and deliver vapor thereto.

3. In an oil burner having inner and outer combustion chambers and a central vaporizing chamber, means for conducting vapor from the vaporizing chamber to the outer combustion chamber through a connecting conduit which also opens into the inner combustion chamber, and additional means for conducting vapor sole- 1y to the inner combustion chamber.

4. In an oil burner an integral base for supporting two pairs of concentric cylindrical perforated sleeves to form two concentric combustion chambers, said base having a circular groove below each of said combustion chambers, a central cup, ribs radiating from said cup to the inner wall of the inner groove and other ribs between and connecting the two grooves, all of said radiating ribs being tubular but only certain of said other ribs being tubular to form vapor conduits.

5. An oil burner comprising inner and outer concentric combustion chambers each having a bottom vapor groove with inner and outer ver tical walls, a central vaporizing cup having a vertical wall, and horizontal vapor conduits leading from the wall of said cup to said grooves, some of said conduits extending between the cup Wall and the inner wall of the inner groove and others extending between the cup wall and the inner wall of the outer groove.

6. An oil burner comprising inner and outer combustion chambers, a central vaporizing chamber, and a plurality of conduits for conducting vapor from the vaporizing chamber to the combustion chambers all of which deliver to the inner combustion chamber but only one-half of which deliver to the outer combustion chamber.

7. An oil burner comprising two concentric cylindrical combustion chambers each having a bottom vapor groove, the inner of said grooves having four quadrantal vapor entrant ports but the outer of said grooves having only two diametral vapor entrant ports, and a central vaporizing chamber having vapor conduits con necting it with all of said ports.

8. An oil burner comprising two concentric cylindrical combustion chambers each having a bottom vapor groove, the inner of said grooves having four quadrantal vapor entrant ports but the outer of said grooves having only two diametral vapor entrant ports opposite to and connected with two of the inner grooves quadrantal ports, and a central vaporizing chamber having four vapor conduits leading to the four ports for the inner groove.

9. An oil burner having inner and outer combustion chambers. a metallic base underlying said chambers providing a groove for each chamber, a vaporizing chamber metallically connected to said base having communicating passages for conducting vapor from said vaporizing chamber only to one of said grooves to circulate therein, and communicating passages between the two grooves for conducting said vapor to the other groove after it has traversed a portion of the groove to which it was first conducted.

10. An oil burner comprising a base for supporting four cylindrical sleeves associated in pairs and forming inner and outer combustion chambers, said base having inner and outer vapor receiving grooves underlying said inner and outer combustion chambers, and a vaporizing chamber metallically connected to said base, said vaporizing chamber having communicating passages for delivering vapor to said grooves, certain of said passages delivering vapor through one wall of the inner groove where it i baffled by the opposite wall and forced to spread and traverse said inner groove, and other of said passages delivering vapor through one wall of the outer groove where it is baii'ied by the op posite wall and forced to spread and traverse said outer groove.

ll. An oil burner having inner and outer combustion chambers each having an underlying groove for receiving vapor, a vaporizing chamber, and means for supplying said vaporizing chamber with oil, there being communicating vapor passages between said vaporizing chamber and said grooves certain of which deliver vapor initialiy to the inner groove only and others of which deliver vapor directly to the outer groove.

12. An oil burner ha ing inner and outer combustion chambers each having a bottom vapor groove, a central vaporizing chamber having vapor delivery passages leading solely to the inner groove so that the vapor delivered therethrough must traverse the inner groove, and other vapor delivery passages spaced a substantial distance from said first-named passages and anording communication between the inner and the outer grooves through which an excess of vapor delivered to the inner groove will pass to the outer groove after traversing the intervening portion of the inner groove.

13. In an oil burner having inner and outer combustion chambers and a vaporizing chamber, a conduit for delivering vapor to both combustion chambers from the vaporizing chamber and a conduit delivering vapor to one only of the combustion chambers from the vaporizing chamber.

14. An oil burner having inner and outer combustion chambers each having a bottom vapor groove, a vaporizing chamber having vapor do livery passages leading solely to the inner groove so that the vapor delivered therethrough must traverse the inner groove, and other vapor delivery passages spaced a substantial distance from said. first named passages and affording communication between the inner and outer grooves through which an excess of vapor delivered to the inner groove will pass to the outer groove after traversing the intervening portion of the inner groove.

15. An oil burner having inner and outer combustion chambers each having a bottom vapor groove, a vaporizing chamber having a vapor delivery passage leading solely to the inner groove so that the vapor delivered therethrough must traverse the inner groove, and another vapor d'elivery passage spaced a substantial distance from said first-named passage and aiiording communication between the inner and the outer grooves through which an excess of vapor delivered to the inner groove will pass to the outer groove after traversing the intervening portion of the inner groove.

16. In an oil burner having inner and outer combustion chambers and a vaporizing chamber, a plurality of conduits for delivering vapor to the combustion chambers from the vaporizing chamber, certain of said conduits delivering to both combustion chambers only one of the combustion chambers.

17. In an oil burner having a plurality of combustion chambers and a vaporizing chamber, conduits for delivering vapor to the combustion chambers from the vaporizing chamber, certain of said conduits delivering to all combustion chambers, and others delivering to only one of the combustion chambers.

18. An oil burner having a plurality oi combustion chambers each having a bottom vapor groove, a vaporizing chamber having a vapor delivery passage leading solely to one of said grooves so that the vapor delivered therethrough must traverse said groove, and another vapor delivery passage spaced a substantial distance from said firstnamed passage and affording communication between said first groove and a second groove through which an excess of vapor delivered to the first groove will pass to the second groove after traversing the intervening portion of the first groove. LEONARD A. POPP.

and others delivering to I 

